Culture Essay -- Sociology, Hofstede

Hofstede (1997) defined culture as the â€Å"collective programming of the mind that distinguishes the members of one group or category of people from others† (p. 6). He referred to mental programming in order to explain patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting. Cultural manifestation is identified as symbols, heroes, rituals, and values as a learned programming that is dependent on a social environment. Values represented the deepest manifestations of culture and are considered culture’s building blocks (Hofstede, 1980). One well-known paradigm Hofstede introduced is called cultural dimensions that include four independent cultural dimensions: power distance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, and uncertainty avoidance. After further research, he developed the fifth dimension known as long-term/short-term orientation (Hofstede, 2001). The following section will discuss five of the dimensions to identify the cultural differences between the United States, India, and Thailand. Power Distance The power distance index â€Å"is the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions accept and expect that power is distributed unequally† (Itim International, 2009). It is a fundamental structure endorsed by the societies’ followers and leaders in areas such as social status, wealth, and sources of power. A high power distance society embraces people with power. Powerful people are expected to have privileges, openly show their status and wealth, and are perceived to be good. On the other hand, a low power distance society embraces uniformity and minimizes inequalities. Those who hold more power in these societies attempt to look less powerful than they are (Albers-Miller & Gelb, 1996). Hofstede’... ...tinuous, ANOVA is the most appropriate method of analysis. Research Question The research question proposed there would be differences in levels of organizational dissent between India, Thailand, and the U.S. The ANOVA revealed significant differences in levels of dissent between the three groups. The means and standard deviations are displayed in Table 2. Overall, Americans are the most likely to express articulated dissent, with Thais being the less least likely: F(4, 1446) = 5.10, ï  ¨2 = .01, p Discussion The results revealed significant differences between Americans, Indians and Thais regarding the expression of dissent.

Grendel Character Analysis

Grendel character analysis Terrorizing a town for 12 years Grendel kills countless men and woman in the epic of Beowulf. Banished to an underwater dwelling when descendants of Cain were banished and killed, many warriors faced him but few survived. Many have herd of Grendel and his tale of horror, but who is Grendel? Grendel is seen by other people in Beowulf as a monster and a fiend even before his name is mentioned the narrator refers to him as a â€Å"powerful monster, living down in the darkness† (line 1). But the most common thing that comes to mind when most people think of Grendel is fear, it’s what Herot did was fear him.The final opinion I gathered was one of respect, for Beowulf fights Grendel with no weapon or clothes because Grendel doesn’t either showing respect when they do battle. In Beowulf and Grendel, Beowulf shows how he respects him when he does not kill his son after defeating his mother in the cave also in the last scene he creates a memoria l for him in rocks on the beach before going back to his home. In the thirteenth warrior the only feeling I feel they have is fear towards the wendels. The battle between Grendel and Beowulf is one of the last actions he does before he runs home to his cave with no arm to die there.While it is so similar to the first night he came to town â€Å"then when darkness had dropped Grendel went up to Herot. † (Lines 30-32), and also so similar to the hundreds of times he did this before in Herot. Grendel also took and smashed and carried 30 men to his lair beneath the lake he lives â€Å"snatched up thirty men, smashes them unknowingly in their beds and ran out with their bodies† (lines 46-47) showing he has little remorse for life, he is very angry with the people and how strong he is carrying so many people at once.At Grendel’s main traits though he is described as the decedent of Cain on lines 19 to 21, other traits such as human weapons cannot hurt him, and how int elligent he must be to know to go at night and to be quiet while they sleep to not wake them and to not yet get defeated before Beowulf. Also you can sense that he is angered only by jealousy because he cannot participate in the fun being had in the hall by where he lives, and the first time he went to Herot it was not to kill but only to see what the warriors did â€Å"wondering what the warriors would do in the hall when their drinking was one† (lines 33-35) it only turned into a massacre then he had the taste he couldn’t quench, â€Å"no crime would ever be enough, no savage assault would ever quench his lust for evil† (lines 51-53). In Grendel and Beowulf one of his main traits is that he is only mean to those who do wrong to him or his family, also it shows his massive strength when he snaps the warriors neck in the fight scene in the battle in thee mead hall.Grendel stays alive for so long I feel due to his intelligence, showing it by only coming out in th e night in both the book and both movies, also in Beowulf and Grendel, he hides when he hears Beowulf moving in the hall the first time he comes, also later in the movie he talks. In the thirteenth warrior thee wedels are smart enough to use the torches to scare the people and ride horses, and one of the biggest is that they use the bear pelts to make them look more scary and collect bodies after battle to not show there secret. In Beowulf and Grendel the movie he uses his intelligence to only target the one who smashed his father’s skull.The book shows him as having a developed intelligence when he only comes at night time and he always leaves before morning comes to get back to his cave. Above, we explore deep into the character Grendel an epic villain in the story of Beowulf, where he terrorizes Herot for 12 years with his mighty power and intelligence and jealousy, Until Beowulf comes and finally slays him for Herot. I feel that Grendel is a relatable character, showing h ow he is so consumed by jealousy and his actions are so immature and it seems like he does not know better I kind of felt sorry for him through the story.

Biography of Prince Albert, Husband of Queen Victoria

Prince Albert (August 26, 1819—December 13, 1861) was a German prince who married Britains Queen Victoria and helped spark an era of technological innovation as well as personal style. Albert initially was seen by the British as an interloper in British society, but his intelligence, interest in inventions, and capability in diplomatic affairs made him a respected figure. Albert, who eventually held the title prince consort, died in 1861 at age 42, leaving Victoria a widow whose trademark attire became the black of mourning. Fast Facts: Prince Albert Known For: Husband of Queen Victoria, statesmanAlso Known As: Francis Albert Augustus Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Saxe-Coburg-GothaBorn: August 26, 1819 in Rosenau, GermanyParents: Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-AltenburgDied: December 13, 1861 in Windsor,  Berkshire, EnglandEducation: University of BonnSpouse: Queen VictoriaChildren: Victoria Adelaide Mary, Albert Edward, Alice Maud Mary, Alfred Ernest Albert, Helena Augusta Victoria, Louise Caroline Alberta, Arthur William Patrick, Leopold George Duncan, Beatrice Mary VictoriaNotable Quote: I am only the husband, and not the master in the house. Early Life Albert was born on Aug. 26, 1819, in Rosenau, Germany. He was the second son of the Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha and Luise Pauline Charlotte Friederike Auguste, Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, and was greatly influenced by his uncle Leopold, who became king of Belgium in 1831. As a teenager, Albert traveled to Britain and met Princess Victoria, who was his first cousin and nearly his age. They were friendly but Victoria was not impressed with the young Albert, who was shy and awkward. He attended the University of Bonn in Germany. The British were interested in finding a suitable husband for the young princess who was to ascend to the throne. British political tradition decreed that a monarch could not marry a commoner, and the British pool of appropriate candidates was small, so Victorias future husband would have to come from European royalty. A flirtation with Grand Duke Alexander Nikolaevich, heir to the Russian throne, was heartfelt and mutual, but marriage was deemed strategically, politically, and geographically impossible, so matchmakers looked elsewhere. Alberts relatives on the continent, including King Leopold of Belgium, essentially steered the young man toward becoming Victorias husband. In 1839, two years after Victoria became queen, Albert returned to England. She proposed marriage and he accepted. Marriage Queen Victoria married Albert on February 10, 1840, at St. James Palace in London. At first, the British public and the aristocracy thought little of Albert. While he was born of European royalty, his family was not wealthy or powerful. He was often portrayed as someone marrying for prestige or money. Albert was quite intelligent, however, and was devoted to helping his wife serve as monarch. Over time he became an indispensable aide to the queen, advising her on political and diplomatic affairs. Victoria and Albert had nine children, and by all accounts, their marriage was very happy. They loved being together, sometimes sketching or listening to music. The royal family was portrayed as the ideal family, and setting an example for the British public was considered a major part of their role. Albert also contributed to a tradition familiar to Americans. His German family brought trees into the house at Christmas, and he introduced that tradition to Britain. The Christmas tree at Windsor Castle created a fashion in Britain that was carried across the ocean. Career In their early years of marriage, Albert was frustrated that Victoria didnt assign him tasks that he felt were up to his abilities. He wrote to a friend that he was only the husband, not the master in the house. Albert busied himself with his interests in music and hunting, but he eventually became involved in serious matters of statesmanship. In 1848, when much of Europe was shaken by the revolutionary movement, Albert cautioned that the rights of working people had to be seriously considered. He was a progressive voice at a crucial time. Thanks to Alberts interest in technology, he was the main force behind the Great Exhibition of 1851, a grand show of science and inventions held at a stunning new edifice in London, the Crystal Palace. The exhibition, intended to showcase how society was being changed for the better by science and technology, was a great success. Throughout the 1850s, Albert was often deeply involved in the affairs of state. He was known for clashing with Lord Palmerston, a highly influential British politician who served as foreign minister and also prime minister. In the mid-1850s, when Albert cautioned against the Crimean War against Russia, some in Britain accused him of being pro-Russian. While Albert was influential, for the first 15 years of his marriage he did not receive a royal title from Parliament. Victoria was disturbed that her husbands rank was not clearly defined. In 1857, the official title of prince consort was finally bestowed upon Albert by Queen Victoria. Death In late 1861, Albert was stricken with typhoid fever, a serious disease but not usually a fatal one. His habit of working long hours may have weakened him, and he suffered greatly from the disease. Hopes for his recovery dimmed, and he died on Dec. 13, 1861. His death came as a shock to the British public, especially as he was only 42 years old. On his deathbed, Albert was involved in helping to lower tensions with the United States over an incident at sea. An American naval vessel had stopped a British ship, the Trent, and seized two emissaries from the Confederate government during the early stages of the American Civil War. Some in Britain took the American naval action as a grave insult and wanted to go to war with the U.S. Albert viewed the United States as a nation friendly to Britain and helped steer the British government from what surely would have been a pointless war. The death of her husband devastated Queen Victoria. Her grief seemed excessive even to people of her own time. Victoria lived as a widow for 40 years  and was always seen wearing black, which helped create her image as a sullen, remote figure. Indeed, the term Victorian often implies a seriousness that is in part due to Victorias image as someone in deep grief. Legacy There is no question that Victoria deeply loved Albert. After his death, he was honored by being entombed in an elaborate mausoleum at Frogmore House, not far from Windsor Castle. After her death, Victoria was entombed beside him. After his death, he became better known for his statesmanship and his service to Queen Victoria. The Royal Albert Hall in London was named in honor of Prince Albert, and his name is also affixed to Londons Victoria and Albert Museum. A bridge crossing the Thames, which Albert suggested building in 1860, is also named in his honor. Sources Albert, Prince Consort: British Prince. Encyclopedia Brittanica.Prince Albert Biography. Biography.comLove Before Prince Albert: Queen Victorias Suitors. History Extra.

Psychological And Emotional Effects Of Psychological Abuse

Psychological abuse, which includes verbal and emotional abuse, is a widespread and common problem in our society. Mary Jo Fay (2007), states that verbal abuse, â€Å"includes name-calling, shouting and yelling.† She also goes on to say that emotional abuse: includes blaming, accusing and restricting your freedom - like preventing you from using the phone or talking to family members, or recording the mileage on your car to see if you ve driven somewhere not allowed. Attempting to confuse you mentally (Types of Abuse section). What makes psychological abuse such a large issue is that it is not recognized by most as a true form of abuse. Therefore, the victims of psychological abuse cannot get the help that they need. This is such a critical problem because the only way for the victims of psychological abuse to be helped is for the bystanders of this crime to recognize and take a stand for the victims. The everyday people in the lives of psychologically abused victims need to be the ones that help them because these critical bystanders are the only ones who can. The reason that psychological abuse is not taken seriously is that there is a mass cultural acceptance that people are going to say mean things. People in our culture are taught at a young age that everyone should just take the insults in stride and keep moving forward with their lives. All of which is accurate to some degree; however, there comes a point when the line between mean kids, rude co-workers, and spousesShow MoreRelatedDomestic Abuse Essay1497 Words   |  6 PagesChild and domestic abuse is a serious matter which needs to have additional focus, especially in this day and age. Abuse is most often causes harm to others. Abuse may either be verbal, emotional, or physical or times all three. In today’s society there are many different types of abuse including, physical, sexual, emotional, psychological, and neglect. 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Furthermore, child sexual abuse is defined as direct genital contact and indirectRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1317 Words   |  6 PagesChild abuse has long been an ongoing social problem; this abuse has been one of the repeatedly difficult accusations to prove in our criminal justice syste m. Child abuse causes many years of suffering for victims. Children abused suffer from chemical imbalances, behavioral issues and are at high risk for becoming abusers or being abused in adult relationships. This cycle of learned behavior and suffering will be a hopeless reoccurring problem unless the criminal justice system and protocols for abusersRead More Investigating the Long-Term Effects of Physical Child Abuse Essay1057 Words   |  5 Pageschild abuse or neglect in 2006(Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2008). In 1996, more than three million victims of suspected abuse were reported to child protective services agencies in the United States (Baker, 2002). 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Emotional abuse can be inflicted upon a child in many different ways; these can include telling a child that they are â€Å"worthlessRead MoreThe Damages Caused by Canadian Residential Schools for Indigenous Children in the 19th Century1618 Words   |  7 Pagessociety†. The resulting actions on part of the Canadian government and acting missionaries have caused detrimental psychological and emotional trauma to survivors of these residential schools; trauma that has crossed intergenerational boundaries since the induction of the system. The direct outcomes of the residential school system have resulted in a form of trauma with cross-generational effects among contemporary Indigenous societies, known as historical trauma. The concept of historical trauma was first

Organic Farming Can Help Feed The World And Will Help...

Technically the earth produces enough food for everyone, but the food is not able to reach those who need food. University of California study found that â€Å"relatively small, and potentially overestimated, differences in yield between organic and conventional agriculture, despite historically low rates of investment in organic cropping systems. (Berkeley)† Organic agriculture has increased biodiversity. There is an ambition that agriculture can help feed the world and will help maintain soil (Berkeley). A student at Berkeley says, â€Å"Increasing that proportion of agriculture that uses sustainable, organic methods of farming is not a choice, it’s a necessity (Kreman).† There are some things that are bad about organic farming. Three-quarters of what American farmers produce actually goes to feeding our animals, making ethanol, and not the hungry (Morello). Organic farming could produce 40% more food if used in other countries. Organic Farming will produce higher yields such as rice, corn, and wheat. It actually does better than modern agriculture techniques. In countries such as India, Brazil, Kenya, and Guatemala have doubled, almost tripled their yield by using organic farming, mostly because those countries can’t afford or access fertilizer (Morello). Like it was said that some countries can’t afford the fertilizer and pesticides. If agriculture was switched to organic it would be cheaper which could give an economic advantage. Organic Farming can improve soil fertility andShow MoreRelatedHow Organic Farming Affects The Growth Of The Green Movement1061 Words   |  5 PagesUp until the 1920’s, most agriculture and farming was done organically. Farmers used products that were naturally earth made to control the weeds, pest, and help the soil maintain its nutritional value. 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One Child Policy in China Free Essays

string(135) " 2011 The Chinese government declared that the One Child Policy will still be implemented on the population control in another decade\." What is One Child Policy? It is the birth control policy, one of the most important social policies over the world. Simply to say, One Child Policy is the population control policy that has applied since 1979 in China. The government sets a limit for the maximum number of children for each family. We will write a custom essay sample on One Child Policy in China or any similar topic only for you Order Now It officially restricts married urban couples to have only one child while it allows rural couples, minorities to have more than one child. It isn’t quite difficult to imagine how China would have been if the birth control policy hadn’t been applied. People would have suffered from famine, death and the shortage of variety of sources. However, One Child Policy is a double-edge sword for China. On the one hand, China effectively controls the population growth, fertility rate, and gains huge economic benefit as well; on the other hand, it is a source of great pain for one generation. To understand the One Child Policy it is necessary to know a bit of history about how and why it was created. Until the 1960s, the government encouraged families to have as many children as possible because of Mao’s belief that â€Å"the more people, the stronger we are† (Potts, 2006, p. 361). It prevented the emergence of the development of One Child Policy earlier in China. In the next few decades, the population grew from around 540 million in 1949 to 940 million in 1976 (National Bureau of Statistics, P.R.China, 2000). Beginning in 1970, Chinese people were encouraged to marry at an older age, and they were allowed to have two children. Although the fertility rate began to decrease, the government launched the One Child Policy due to the future overwhelming population growth (Potts, 2006). The One Child Policy has significant effects on variety factors, such as population growth and fertility rate, social health service, education, and the development of economy. The first plain effect is the control of population growth and fertility rate. Statistics in figure 1 shows the fertility rate in China from 1960 to 2010, and the fertility rate fell from 2.63 births per woman in 1980 to 1.61 in 2010, which almost reached 6 in the 1960s. The Chinese government makes the claim that it had three to four hundred million fewer people in 2008 under the One Child Policy (Hu, 2002). Figure 1: Fertility Rate in China from 1960 to 2010 Source: World Bank, 2012, Retrieved from http://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=d5bncppjof8f9_ctype=lstrail=falsebcs=dnselm=hmet_y=sp_dyn_tfrt_inscale_y=linind_y=falserdim=regionidim=country:CHNifdim=regionhl=endl=enind=falseicfg One of the most important considerations of One Child Policy is related to economy. The economic development is the original intent of this policy, such as reducing the demand of nature resources and decreasing the unemployment of surplus labors. Obviously, the limited resource cannot always satisfy the demand of resource of the growing population. The sufficient nature resource is a vital factor for a group of people to survive; enough social resource is significant for a society to stabilize. As Deng Xiaoping, who is the former leader in China, said that â€Å"the  development is the only principle†. As long as the country had a steady population rate, the society would function within a balance between both nature and social resource and the demand of resource of the population. Undeniably, China, Chinese people and even the whole world are all benefited from the One Child Policy in terms of reduction of the demand for resources. Now, the One Child Policy has existed for over thirty years. People gain the profit but also gain the pain from it, especially the generation of single children. It’s a labeled generation. Little emperors, little princesses, little suns are all used to describe this self-centered generation. These labels also show the possible social problems for this generation. Most single children are unable to care for their older adult relatives and others because they are used to receiving and accepting the love from parents and grandparents while rarely give and share with others in the family. People worry that it would result in a tendency of poor social communication and cooperation skills for these young adults in the society. In fact, these young adults pay more than others to learn cooperation and communication with others when they start their career lives. Besides the social problem, another problem of this generation is the â€Å"four-two-one† problem. As the first generation under the One Child Policy, the children who were born in 1980s are approaching adulthood now. They are building their own families, getting married and  having babies. In China, they are responsible to support their parents and four grandparents. It is called the â€Å"four-two-one Problem†. Statistics shows that there are ninety million only children in China in 2000 (Yang, 2010). The young adults, who are still struggling in the society themselves, should take the responsibility of their own small families; meanwhile, they also have to be responsible for their parents and grandparents. It is a huge life stress. With pains and gains in these thirty years the One Child Policy has completed its mission in its first step. Page (2011) presents that â€Å"China appears to have achieved that goal: Initial census results show China’s population, the world’s largest, rose to 1.34 billion in 2010, from 1.27 billion in 2000. That puts average annual growth at 0.57% over the decade, down from 1.07% in 1990-2000† (p. 1). Recently, the existence of the One Child Policy is becoming a debate. People discuss whether the policy should exit the stage of the history or still maintain in effect. Figure 2 shows the Chinese population growth from 1961 to 2008. Under the application of One Child Policy the tendency of demography growth shows a steady rising pace. If the government abolished the One Child Policy suddenly, the Chinese demography would still increase sharply in the next few decades. One of the essential factors couldn’t be ignored: the Chinese demography has a hugest base in the world. Figure 2: Population of China from 1961 to 2008 Source: Quilokos, D. Creative Commons, 2011 The Chinese government declared that the One Child Policy will still be implemented on the population control in another decade. In the next phase, the One Child Policy will turn to a relative loose phase. It has new criteria to allow couples to have a second child such as the parents who are the only children themselves (Page, 2011). To sum up, the One Child Policy was created in China in a specific time; it has both positive and negative effects these years. Although it is a source of great pain for one generation, people cannot deny the resulting benefits. It will remain effective in China as an important policy at least for one more decade, and gradually fade out from the stage of Chinese history. References Hu, H. (2002, Oct 18). Family Planning Law and China’s Birth Control Situation. China.org.cn. Retrieved from http://www.china.org.cn/english/2002/Oct/46138.htm National Bureau of Statistics, P.R.China. Total population, CBR, CDR, NIR and TFR of China 1949-2000. China Daily. Retrieved from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2010census /2010-08/20/content_11182379.htm Page, J. (2011, April 29). China’s one-child plan faces new fire: Census shows slowing growth as population ages, giving critics ammunition. The Wall Street Journal Online. Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704463804576291010133986864. html Potts, M. (2006). China’s one child policy: the policy that changed the world. BMJ, 333, 361. Yang, Y. (2010. Oct 10). Are â€Å"four-two-one†families really a problem?. China Population Association Online. Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/20110707050058/http:// cpachn.org.cn/ShowNews.asp?ID=1021 One Child Policy in China What is One Child Policy? It is the birth control policy, one of the most important social policies over the world. Simply to say, One Child Policy is the population control policy that has applied since 1979 in China. The government sets a limit for the maximum number of children for each family. It officially restricts married urban couples to have only one child while it allows rural couples, minorities to have more than one child. It isn’t quite difficult to imagine how China would have been if the birth control policy hadn’t been applied. People would have suffered from famine,  death and the shortage of variety of sources. However, One Child Policy is a double-edge sword for China. On the one hand, China effectively controls the population growth, fertility rate, and gains huge economic benefit as well; on the other hand, it is a source of great pain for one generation. To understand the One Child Policy it is necessary to know a bit of history about how and why it was created. Until the 1960s, the government encouraged families to have as many children as possible because of Mao’s belief that â€Å"the more people, the stronger we are† (Potts, 2006, p. 361). It prevented the emergence of the development of One Child Policy earlier in China. In the next few decades, the population grew from around 540 million in 1949 to 940 million in 1976 (National Bureau of Statistics, P.R.China, 2000). Beginning in 1970, Chinese people were encouraged to marry at an older age, and they were allowed to have two children. Although the fertility rate began to decrease, the government launched the One Child Policy due to the future overwhelming population growth (Potts, 2006). The One Child Policy has significant effects on variety factors, such as population growth and fertility rate, social health service, education, and the development of economy. The first plain effect is the control of population growth and fertility rate. Statistics in figure 1 shows the fertility rate in China from 1960 to 2010, and the fertility rate fell from 2.63 births per woman in 1980 to 1.61 in 2010, which almost reached 6 in the 1960s. The Chinese government makes the claim that it had three to four hundred million fewer people in 2008 under the One Child Policy (Hu, 2002). Figure 1: Fertility Rate in China from 1960 to 2010 Source: World Bank, 2012, Retrieved from http://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=d5bncppjof8f9_ctype=lstrail=falsebcs=dnselm=hmet_y=sp_dyn_tfrt_inscale_y=linind_y=falserdim=regionidim=country:CHNifdim=regionhl=endl=enind=falseicfg One of the most important considerations of One Child Policy is related to economy. The economic development is the original intent of this policy, such as reducing the demand of nature resources and decreasing the unemployment of surplus labors. Obviously, the limited resource cannot always satisfy the demand of resource of the growing population. The  sufficient nature resource is a vital factor for a group of people to survive; enough social resource is significant for a society to stabilize. As Deng Xiaoping, who is the former leader in China, said that â€Å"the  development is the only principle†. As long as the country had a steady population rate, the society would function within a balance between both nature and social resource and the demand of resource of the population. Undeniably, China, Chinese people and even the whole world are all benefited from the One Child Policy in terms of reduction of the demand for resources. Now, the One Child Policy has existed for over thirty years. People gain the profit but also gain the pain from it, especially the generation of single children. It’s a labeled generation. Little emperors, little princesses, little suns are all used to describe this self-centered generation. These labels also show the possible social problems for this generation. Most single children are unable to care for their older adult relatives and others because they are used to receiving and accepting the love from parents and grandparents while rarely give and share with others in the family. People worry that it would result in a tendency of poor social communication and cooperation skills for these young adults in the society. In fact, these young adults pay more than others to learn cooperation and communication with others when they start their career lives. Besides the social problem, another problem of this generation is the â€Å"four-two-one† problem. As the first generation under the One Child Policy, the children who were born in 1980s are approaching adulthood now. They are building their own families, getting married and having babies. In China, they are responsible to support their parents and four grandparents. It is called the â€Å"four-two-one Problem†. Statistics shows that there are ninety million only children in China in 2000 (Yang, 2010). The young adults, who are still struggling in the society themselves, should take the responsibility of their own small families; meanwhile, they also have to be responsible for their parents and grandparents. It is a huge life stress. With pains and gains in these thirty years the One Child Policy has completed its mission in its first step. Page (2011) presents that â€Å"China appears to have achieved that goal: Initial census results show China’s population, the world’s largest, rose to 1.34 billion in 2010, from  1.27 billion in 2000. That puts average annual growth at 0.57% over the decade, down from 1.07% in 1990-2000† (p. 1). Recently, the existence of the One Child Policy is becoming a debate. People discuss whether the policy should exit the stage of the history or still maintain in effect. Figure 2 shows the Chinese population growth from 1961 to 2008. Under the application of One Child Policy the tendency of demography growth shows a steady rising pace. If the government abolished the One Child Policy suddenly, the Chinese demography would still increase sharply in the next few decades. One of the essential factors couldn’t be ignored: the Chinese demography has a hugest base in the world. Figure 2: Population of China from 1961 to 2008 Source: Quilokos, D. Creative Commons, 2011 The Chinese government declared that the One Child Policy will still be implemented on the population control in another decade. In the next phase, the One Child Policy will turn to a relative loose phase. It has new criteria to allow couples to have a second child such as the parents who are the only children themselves (Page, 2011). To sum up, the One Child Policy was created in China in a specific time; it has both positive and negative effects these years. Although it is a source of great pain for one generation, people cannot deny the resulting benefits. It will remain effective in China as an important policy at least for one more decade, and gradually fade out from the stage of Chinese history. References Hu, H. (2002, Oct 18). Family Planning Law and China’s Birth Control Situation. China.org.cn. Retrieved from http://www.china.org.cn/english/2002/Oct/46138.htm National Bureau of Statistics, P.R.China. Total population, CBR, CDR, NIR and TFR of China 1949-2000. China Daily. Retrieved from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2010census /2010-08/20/content_11182379.htm Page, J. (2011, April 29). China’s one-child plan faces new fire: Census shows slowing growth as population ages, giving critics ammunition. The Wall Street Journal Online. Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704463804576291010133986864. html Potts, M. (2006). China’s one child policy: the policy that changed the world. BMJ, 333, 361. Yang, Y. (2010. Oct 10). Are â€Å"four-two-one†families really a problem?. China Population Association Online. Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/20110707050058/http:// cpachn.org.cn/ShowNews.asp?ID=1021 How to cite One Child Policy in China, Papers

Case Study of John-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Identify two actual Nursing Diagnoses and one Potential Nursing Diagnosis relevant to Marya's Condition. Answer: Nursing Diagnosis: Acute pain Related to: It is related to post left hip replacement. John is complaining of pain and is reluctant to move out of bed, despite being encouraged by doctors and nurses. He also has arthritis on right hip and knee, which is impairing his ability to mobilise. He requires assistance with bathing. Desired outcome: To achieve and improve the state of the patient to improve comfort in the postoperative stage. Ongoing Assessment: Assessing the patient heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rates. Assessing the John location of the colon surgical site, ensuring frequency , duration and intensity of the pain. Rationales: They provide baseline information. pain may cause increase in heat rate, changes in blood pressure and respiratory changes. They occur due to changes in associated with nervous system. Pain at this stage of Jones surgery, is excepted due to the manipulation of the tissues in the operative position (Koaier et al, 2015). Persistent pain may indicate may indicate complication in the surgical site. Hence providing appropriate pain management will enable John to rest and be able to effectively perform functions such as normal breathing, coughing and ambulation (Petrella, Decaria and Petrella, 2011). Therapeutic intervention : Use of PCA (Patient Care Assistant)- This allows patients to control their own drug medication by simply pressing the pump on the button, which guides small drug, (Levett-Jones, Tracy Phelain, 2013, pp. 181-190). Use of non pharmacological treatment measures- It is aimed at reducing the pain and its sensation. It enhances maximising the patient ability to tolerate the procedure side effects. Main use for patients with mild pain and can be used as a therapy regime in the postoperative stage exist as least toxic drug for pain management in cancer management., (Levett-Jones, Tracy Phelain, 2013, pp. 181-190). Managing pain through the use of analgesic drugs management - Encouraging and assisting the patient for deep breathing exercise with a minimum of 10 times every hour. Effective pain control management allows for deeper breathing patterns and coughing. Patients using patient controlled analgesia require reminders to push the action in the postoperative process until they fully recover. The deep breathing exercise allows for keeping the alveoli from collapsing and promoting return to full consciousness (Doenges, Moorhouse Murr 2013, pp. 243-244). In the post operative care, the needs of the patient should be prioritized with most care (Petrella, Decaria and Petrella, 2011). Due to greater risks of pain, infection, ineffective breathing, deep vein thrombosis and impaired wound healing, there is need to offer close family members who are providing care for patient John. Thus, there is need for consideration of various nursing care plans which will be of help in the recovery phase of the patient References Kozier, B, Erb, GL, Berman, A, et al., 2015, Kozier and Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing [3rd Australian edition]. Pearson Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. Doenges, ME, Moorhouse, MF Murr, AC 2013, Nurse's pocket guide: diagnoses, prioritized interventions, and rationales, 13th edn, FA Davis, Philadelphia, USA. Levett-Jones, T and Fagan, A 2015, chapter 13 in Diagnosing, in A Berman, et al (eds), Kozier and Erb's fundamentals of nursing, vol. 1, Frenchs Forest, Pearson, pp. 180-290. Petrella RJ, Decaria J and Petrella MJ. 2011,Long term efficacy and safety of a combined low and high molecular weight hyaluronic acid in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee.Rheumatology Reports. 3(1):1621