Friday, May 22, 2020
Motivational Interviewing as a Treatment for Substance Abuse
Motivational Interviewing as a Treatment for Substance Abuse Introduction Motivational interviewing is an evidenced-based counseling approach that health care providers can use to help patients adhere to treatment recommendations. It emphasizes using a directive, patient-centered style of interaction to promote behavioral change by helping patients explore and resolve ambivalence (Levensky et al., 2007). Motivational interviewing is a highly individualized therapeutic approach that is client centered and encourages clients to explore the reasons for any maladaptive behavior and then make changes. However, it is also a directed form of therapy, so that the counselor takes a more active role than in some forms of client-centered therapy. However, it is not a confrontational form of therapy; rather than engaging in hostile interactions with clients, the counselor takes an empathic approach and helps the client identify areas of ambivalence and make plans to change those areas. In this way, motivational interviewing can be considered a goal-directed therapy b ecause it is not sufficient for the clients to gain understanding; they are also meant to make changes based on what they find. Furthermore, while the counselor may take a passive role in some therapeutic approaches, the counselor is more active in motivational interviewing. The counselors job is to encourage the client to make changes. Motivational interviewing has been used in a variety of different areasShow MoreRelatedSubstance Abuse Among The Elderly1668 Words à |à 7 Pagesmisuse alcohol, prescription drugs, or other substances (Bartel, Blow, Brockmann, 2005). In turn, substance abuse among the elder is generating major health concerns and a rapid need for prevention methods. Substance abuse among the elderly is a concealed epidemic in the United States. Alcohol and substance abuse often go unnoticed, unreported, and therefore, untreated in the elderly (Wagenaar, Mickus, Wilson, 2001). It is estimated that substance abuse issues among Americaââ¬â¢s elder population willRead MoreBenefits Of Self Efficacy High While Recovery From An Addiction1479 Words à |à 6 Pagesrecovery path to knock them completely off course and they will use this as justification to return to alcohol or drug abuse. This is why it is important that people keep their self-efficacy high while recovery from an addiction. Commitment to abstinence, a motivational construct, is a strong predictor of reductions in drug and alcohol use. Level of commitment to abstinence at treatment end predicts sustained abstinence, a requirement for recovery ( Laudet, A. B., Stanick). Abstinence is the bestRead MoreThe Applications Of Motivational Interviewing And Cognitive Behavioral Therapy977 Words à |à 4 Pagesapplications of motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioural therapy for individuals with unhealthy substance use disorders encompass a diversity of interventions that accentuate diverse targets. Miller and Rolnick (1991), defined motivational interviewing as a ââ¬Ëdirective, client-centred counselling style for eliciting behaviour change by helping clients to explore and resolve ambivalenceââ¬â¢. As McHugh, Hearon and Otto (2010), characterizes cognitive behavioural therapy as ââ¬Ëheterogeneous treatment elementsâ⬠¦Read MoreAddiction Problems And The Field Of Addiction Treatment E ssay920 Words à |à 4 Pagesunderstand their clients with addiction problems and motivate them to change. This model is one of the most widely used models within the field of addiction treatment initially developed to describe the process of adopting any healthy behavior. Motivational interviewing shares much in common with the trans-theoretical or Stages of Change Model of behavior change. Although not universally endorsed, the trans-theoretical model holds that at any given time, a person is at a particular stage in relationRead MoreThe Homelessness And Substance Abuse1436 Words à |à 6 PagesRunning head: DIVERSITYââ¬â¹1 Diversity: Homelessness and substance abuse Centell Brown Kelley Peterson SW- 751 Perspectives/Chemical Dependency Professor R. Chaisson, PhD., LCSW, BACS Southern University at New Orleans December 10, 2014 Abstract ââ¬â¹Homelessness and substance abuse are often two problems that continue to be linked together. According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration (2011), research conducted in the past five years indicates thatRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy For Substance Abuse1574 Words à |à 7 PagesSubstance abuse consists of an individual exhibiting dysfunctional behavior as a result of consuming psychoactive substances that eventually culminate in adverse consequences. According to the 2013, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, approximately 24.6 million Americans over the age of 12 were current illicit drug users; moreover, 136.9 million Americans were current alcohol users, which is more than half (52.2%) of the American population (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services AdministrationRead MoreDrug Abuse And Its Effect On Society Essay1167 Words à |à 5 Pageschemical substance applied into treating, diagnosing and preventing one from disease infections o r a substance that is used by a person to enhance his or her physical and mental state in the perceived effect. Drugs used for different purposes and their effect depend on which cause for usage. It causes both positive and negative consequences directly to the user and in the long-run it affects the whole society or community. Drug addiction is the activity of uncontrollable dependence on a substance by theRead MoreMotivational Interviews : Motivational Interviewing2027 Words à |à 9 PagesMotivational interviewing is a practice wherein conveying acceptance of your client, you become an aid in the process of change. Motivational interviewing fosters Carl Rogers optimistic and humanistic theories; around ones competences for employing free choice and shifting through a course of self-actualization. The therapeutic relationship for both Motivational Interviewers and Rogeriansââ¬â¢ is a democratic partnership. The concept of Motivational Interviewing (MI) progressed from the exp erienceRead MoreSubstance Abuse Paper1198 Words à |à 5 PagesSubstance abuse is one of the most common comorbid conditions among individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (Schwartz et al., 2007). Previous studies have shown that nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis were the most frequently used substances in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, followed by cocaine and amphetamine. Individuals with substance use disorders have negative long-term outcomes and poorer overall quality of life. Researchers suggest that substance abuse complicates individuals withRead MoreObserving Group Observation Paper1605 Words à |à 7 Pagescommunity mental health center held provided through an adult outpatient mental health program. The group I observed for this session was a counseling style group for adult outpatient mental health clients dealing with co-occurring disorders titled ââ¬Å"Substance Abuse Recoveryâ⬠. This is a closed group of about twenty members in size which is held at th e public library in a closed conference room. I was informed the group is held weekly on Thursday at the same time each week at this location for a duration of
Thursday, May 7, 2020
Essay Themes in Night by Elie Wiesel - 1265 Words
THemes 1.) Manââ¬â¢s inhumanity to man Removal of human looks that defined who they are * Same uniform * Cut hair to remove individuality. * ââ¬Å"In a few seconds we had ceased to be menâ⬠37 * ââ¬Å"I became A-7713. From then on, I had no other nameâ⬠42 The harshness of the camp quickly transformed them into selfish indifferent people * ââ¬Å"I had not even blinked, only yesterday I would have dug my nails into the criminals fleshâ⬠39 * ââ¬Å"youââ¬â¢re killing your fatherâ⬠101 * ââ¬Å"The old man mumbled something, groaned and died. Nobody caredâ⬠101 * ââ¬Å"I shall never forgive myself. Nor shall I forgive the world for having pushed me against the wall, for having turned me into a stranger, for having awakened in me the basest, mostâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Without love or mercy. I was nothing but ashes nowâ⬠68 * ââ¬Å"But as soon as he felt the first chinks in his faith, he lost all incentive to fight and opened the door to deathâ⬠77 * ââ¬Å"I have more faith in Hitler than anybody else. He alone has kept his promises, all his promises to the Jewish people.â⬠81 * ââ¬Å" I suffer hell in my soul and in my fleshâ⬠¦ how can anybody believe in this God of mercyâ⬠3.) Kindness in adversity Helping each other out in times of need * Elieââ¬â¢s father made sure Elie didnââ¬â¢t ââ¬Å"fall asleep foreverâ⬠in the snow despite his exhaustion. Pg 88 * The French girl risked her life by saying to Elie in almost perfect German, ââ¬Å"donââ¬â¢t cry. Keep your anger, your hate, for another day, for later. The day will come but not nowâ⬠¦ wait. Clench your teeth and waitâ⬠* ââ¬Å"Elie even gave his dying father extra rations, despite being told to ââ¬Å"stop giving your ration of bread and soup too your old father... in fact you should be getting his rations.â⬠* Working through the struggles together see father son relationships Elie and father * ââ¬Å"No. Youââ¬â¢re eighteenâ⬠¦ Not fifty. Youââ¬â¢re forty. Dou you hear?Show MoreRelatedTheme Of Faith In Night By Elie Wiesel801 Words à |à 4 Pagesit back. In Night by Elie Wiesel the main theme of the entire book is the human living condition. The quality of human life is overwhelming because humans have the potential to make amazing discoveries that help all humans. Elie Wiesel endures some of the most cruel living conditions known to mankind. This essay explains the themes of chapter one, chapter four, chapter eight in Night by Elie Wiesel. Nothing is lost if faith is still present. In Night by Elie Wiesel, the main theme of chapter oneRead MoreTheme Of Identity In Night By Elie Wiesel1398 Words à |à 6 Pagesknown throughout the world of Eliezer Wiesel. His eye-opening story is one of millions born from the Holocaust. Elieââ¬â¢s identity, for which he is known by, is written out word for word his memoir, Night. Throughout his journey, Elieââ¬â¢s voice drifts from that of an innocent teen intrigued with the teachings of his religion to that of a soul blackened by a theoretical evil consuming that of the Nazis and Hitlerââ¬â¢s Germany. Elie Wiesels memoir, Night, examines the theme of identity through the continuousRead MoreThe Theme In Literature In Night By Elie Wiesel736 Words à |à 3 PagesThe theme in literature is the lesson you learn from what you have read. You learn a lesson from everything you experience in life and everything that you read has a purpose to teach you something. Sometimes the lesso n comes from what other people have experienced, such as in the book Night by Elie Wiesel. Other times the theme comes from what other people have learned, heard, or even read about, such as in the book The Help by Kathryn Stockett. Not only do you see themes in books but also in newspaperRead MoreThe Theme of Darkness in Night by Elie Wiesel1514 Words à |à 7 PagesOften, the theme of a novel extends into a deeper significance than what is first apparent on the surface. In the novel Night by Elie Wiesel, the theme of night and darkness is prevalent throughout the story and is used as a primary tool to convey symbolism, foreshadowing, and the hopeless defeat felt by prisoners of Holocaust concentration camps. Religion, the various occurring crucial nights, and the many instances of foreshadowing and symbolism clearly demonstrate how the reoccurring theme of nightRead MoreThe Theme Of Peer Pressure In Night By Elie Wiesel855 Words à |à 4 PagesThroughout the book Night it leads us on a path of what it was like being in the concentration camps during the Holocaust. The people in the camps such as the Jews were treated as if they were prisoners. They barely were fed, and were worked until their bodies couldnt work anymore. The times in Auschwitz were mentally and physically draining to the 1.3 million that were held in the camp. Not only did this act happen in this point of time of the Holocaust. It recently has happened in our daily societyRead MoreTheme Of Father And Son Relationships In Night By Elie Wiesel1212 Words à |à 5 PagesOne of the major themes that can be found in Night, by Elie Wiesel, is one of father/son relationships. To quote a father from the book, Stein, ââ¬Å"The only thing that keeps me alive is knowing that Reizel and the little ones are still alive.â⬠Not all father/son relationships are as good however. Another part of the book reads, ââ¬Å"I once saw. . . a boy of thirteen, beat his father for not making his bed properly. As the old man quietly wept, the boy was yelling, ââ¬ËIf you donââ¬â¢t stop crying instantly, IRead MoreAnalysis Of Elie Wiesel s Auschwitz 1153 Words à |à 5 PagesAuthor Elie Wiesel writes about his suffering, and doesnââ¬â¢t fail to include many themes, including will power and survival. Night takes place during 1940ââ¬â¢s, which is when the genocide of the Jews occurred. The main character, Elie (also the author), shares his experience in concentration camps. He and his father underwent all sorts of misery, from starvation, to hard labor, death marches, and plenty more. Having the opportunity to share his experience, the author emphasizes certain topics. Elie WieselRead MoreElie Wiesel Night Reflection794 Words à |à 4 PagesElie Wiesel was born in the Romanian town of Sighet. His parents came from Orthodox and Hasidic Jewish families. Both of hi parents died in the Nazi concentration camps, as did his younger sister; his two elder sister survived. After the war , Wiesel went an Orphanage in France, studies at the Sorbonne, and became a journalist. The name of the book is call the Night. It were written in the 1955-1958. It also were written from South America, France. The book was published in Argentina, France. TheRead MoreExamples Of Dehumanization In The Book Night1183 Words à |à 5 Pagesbook, Night, by Holocaust survivor Elie Wiesel, provides an overview of Elieââ¬â¢s experiences during the Holocaust, and there were a multitude of ways that Elie and his inmates were dehumanized. It all started in 1944, when Elie and his family were deported from their home in Sighet and taken to the Auschwitz concentration camp. When they arrived, they had to leave their possessions on the train and went into the concentration camp where all of his family except his father were murdered. Elie and hisRead MoreElie Wiesel s The Holocaust1315 Words à |à 6 PagesWorld War II. The memoir, Night by Elie Wiesel is based on Wieselââ¬â¢s experien ces in concentration camps, in order to give readers an insight of someone who was a victim of the Holocaust. The young narrator, Elie Wiesel, faces countless struggles for survival among the horrors of the Holocaust. In the memoir, Eliezer, the passionately, devoted boy with a benevolent family, is taken from his home and sent to a concentration camp. Through their unstable and dangerous journey, Elie is detached from his mother
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Customer Service and Order Processors Free Essays
The Human Side of Management Assignment Repairing Jobs That Fail to Satisfy Learning Goals Companies often divide up work as a way to improve efficiency, but specialisation can lead to negative consequences. DrainFlow is a company that has effectively used specialisation to reduce costs relative to its competitorsââ¬â¢ costs for years, but rising customer complaints suggest the firmââ¬â¢s strong position may be slipping. After reading the case, you will suggest some ways it can create more interesting work for employees. We will write a custom essay sample on Customer Service and Order Processors or any similar topic only for you Order Now You will also tackle the problem of finding people who are qualified and ready to perform the multiple responsibilities required in these jobs. Major Topic Areas Job design Job satisfaction Personality Emotional labour The Scenario DrainFlow is a large residential and commercial plumbingà maintenance firm that operates around the United Kingdom. It has been a major player in residential plumbingà for decades, and its familiar rhyming motto, ââ¬Å"Whenà Your Drain Wonââ¬â¢t Go, Call DrainFlow,â⬠has been plasteredà on billboards since the 1940s. Leigh Reynaldo has been a regional manager at DrainFlow for about 2 years. She used to work for a newerà competing chain, Lightning Plumber, that has beenà drawing more and more customers from DrainFlow. Althoughà her job at DrainFlow pays more, Leigh is not happyà with the way things are going. She has noticed the work environmentà is not as vital or energetic as the environmentà she saw at Lightning. Leigh thinks the problem is that employees are not motivatedà to provide the type of customer service Lightningà Plumber employees offer. She recently sent surveysà to customers to collect information about performance,à and the data confirmed her fears. Although 60 percentà of respondents said they were satisfied with their experienceà and would use DrainFlow again, 40 percent feltà their experience was not good, and 30 percent said theyà would use a competitor the next time they had a plumbing problem. Leigh is wondering whether DrainFlowââ¬â¢s job designà might be contributing to its problems in retaining customers. DrainFlow has about 2,000 employees in fourà basic job categories: plumbers, plumberââ¬â¢s assistants, orderà processors, and billing representatives. This structureà is designed to keep costs as low as possible. Plumbers make very high wages, whereas plumberââ¬â¢s assistantsà make about one-quarter of what a licensedà plumber makes. Using plumberââ¬â¢s assistants is thereforeà a very cost-effective strategy that has enabled DrainFlowà to easily undercut the competition when it comes toà price. Order processors make even less than assistantsà but about the same as billing processors. All work is veryà specialised, but employees are often dependent on anotherà job category to perform at their most efficientà level. Like most plumbing companies, DrainFlow getsà business mostly from the Yellow Pages and the Internet. Customers either call in to describe a plumbing problemà or submit an online request for plumbing services,à receiving a return call with information within 24 hours. In either case, DrainFlowââ¬â¢s order processors listen to theà customerââ¬â¢s description of the problem to determineà whether a plumber or a plumberââ¬â¢s assistant shouldà make the service call. The job is then assigned accordingly,à and a service provider goes to the location. Whenà the job has been completed, via mobile phone, a billing representativeà relays the fee to SHR034-6, 12-13 he service rep, who presentsà a bill to the customer for payment. Billing representativesà can take customersââ¬â¢ credit card payments by phoneà or e-mail an invoice for online payment. The Problem Although specialisation does cut costs significantly, Leighà is worried about customer dissatisfaction. According toà her survey, about 25 percent of customer contactsà ended in no service call beca use customers were confusedà by the diagnostic questions the order processorsà asked and because the order processors did not haveà sufficient knowledge or skill to explain the situation. That means fully one in four people who call DrainFlowà to hire a plumber are worse than dissatisfied: theyà are not customers at all! The remaining 75 percent of calls that did end in a customer service encounter resultedà in other problems. The most frequent complaints Leigh found in the customerà surveys were about response time and cost, especiallyà when the wrong person was sent to a job. Aà plumberââ¬â¢s assistant cannot complete a more technicallyà complicated job. The appointment has to be rescheduled,à and the customerââ¬â¢s time and the staffââ¬â¢s time haveà been wasted. The resulting delay often caused customersà in these situations to decline further contactà with DrainFlowââ¬âmany of them decided to go withà Lightning Plumber. ââ¬Å"When I arrive at a job I canââ¬â¢t take care of,â⬠saysà plumberââ¬â¢s assistant Jim Larson, ââ¬Å"the customer getsà annoyed. They thought they were getting a licensedà plumber, since they were calling for a plumber. Tellingà them they have to have someone else come out doesnââ¬â¢tà go over well. â⬠à On the other hand, when a plumber responds to aà job easily handled by a plumberââ¬â¢s assistant, the customerà is still charged at the plumberââ¬â¢s higher pay rate. Licensed plumber Luis Berger also does not like being inà the position of giving customers bad news. ââ¬Å"If I getà called out to do something like snake a drain, the customerà isnââ¬â¢t expecting a hefty bill. Iââ¬â¢m caught in a difficult situationââ¬âI donââ¬â¢t set the rates or make theà appointments, but Iââ¬â¢m the one who gets it from the customer. â⬠à Plumbers also resent being sent to do such simpleà work. Obi Ani is one of DrainFlowââ¬â¢s order processors. She is frustrated too when the wrong person is sentà to a job but feels she and the other order processors areà doing the best they can. We have a survey weââ¬â¢re supposedà to follow with the calls to find out what the problemà is and who needs to take the job,â⬠she explains. ââ¬Å"Theà customers donââ¬â¢t know that we have a standard form, soà they think we can answer all their questions. Most of usà donââ¬â¢t know any more about plumbing than the calle r. Ifà they donââ¬â¢t use the terms on the survey, we donââ¬â¢t understandà what theyââ¬â¢re talking about. A plumber would, butà weââ¬â¢re not plumbers; we just take the calls. â⬠Customer service issues also involve the billing representatives. They are the ones who have to keep contactingà customers about payment. Itââ¬â¢s not my fault theà wrong guy was sent,â⬠says Elisabeth King. ââ¬Å"If two guysà went out, thatââ¬â¢s two trips. If a plumber did the work, youà pay plumber rates. Some of these customers donââ¬â¢t getà that I didnââ¬â¢t take their first call, and so I get yelled at. â⬠à The billing representatives also complain that they seeà only the tail end of the process, so they donââ¬â¢t know whatà the original call entailed. The job is fairly impersonal,à and much of the work is recording customer complaints. Rememberââ¬â40 percent of customers are not satisfied,à and it is the billing representativ es who take theà brunt of their negative reactions on the phone. As you can probably tell, all employees have to engageà in emotional labour, as described in your textbook,à and many lack the skills or personality traits to completeà the customer interaction component of their jobs. Theyà are not trained to provide customer service, and they seeà their work mostly in technical, or mechanical, terms. Quite a few are actually anxious about speaking directlyà with customers. The office staff (order processors andà billing representatives) realise customer service is partà of their job, but they also find dealing with negativeà feedback from customers and co-workers stressful. Two years ago, a management consultingà company was hired to survey DrainFlow worker attitudes. The results showed they were less satisfied thanà workers in other comparable jobs. The following tableà provides a breakdown of respondent satisfaction levelsà across a number of categories:à à à SHR034-6, 12-13 DrainFlow Plumbers DrainFlow Plumber Assistants DrainFlow Office Workers Average Plumber Average Office Worker I am satisfied with the work I am asked to do. 3. 7 2. 5 2. 5 4. 3 3. 5 I am satisfied with my working conditions. 3. 8 2. 4 3. 7 4. 1 4. 2 I am satisfied with my interactions with o-workers. 3. 5 3. 2 2. 7 3. 8 3. 9 I am satisfied with my interactions with my supervisor 2. 5 2. 3 2. 2 3. 5 3. 4 The information about average plumbers and averageà office workers is taken from the management consultingà companyââ¬â¢s records of other companies. Theyà are not exactly surprising, given some of the complaints DrainFlow employees have made. Top managemen t isà worried about these results, but they have not been ableà to formulate a solution. The traditional DrainFlow cultureà has been focused on cost containment, and theà ââ¬Å"soft areasâ⬠like employee satisfaction has not been a majorà issue. The Proposed Solution The company is in trouble, and as revenues shrink andà the cost savings that were supposed to be achieved byà dividing up work fail to materialise, a change seems toà be in order. Leigh is proposing using cash rewards to improve performanceà among employees. She thinks if employeesà were paid based on work outcomes, they would work harderà to satisfy customers. Because it is not easy to measureà how satisfied people are with the initial call-in, Leighà would like to give the order processors a small rewardà for every 20 calls successfully completed. For the hands-onà work, she would like to have each billing representativeà collect information about customer satisfaction for eachà completed call. If no complaints are made and the jobà is handled promptly, a moderate cash reward would beà given to the plumber or plumberââ¬â¢s assistant. If the customerà indicates real satisfaction with the service, aà larger cash reward would be provided. Leigh also wants to find people who are a better fit withà the companyââ¬â¢s new goals. Current hiring procedure reliesà on unstructured interviews with each locationââ¬â¢s general manager, and little consistency is found in the wayà these managers choose employees. Most lack training inà customer service and organisational behaviour. Leigh thinksà it would be better if hiring methods were standardisedà across all branches in her region to help managers identifyà recruits who can actually succeed in the job. Your Assignment Your task is to prepare a persuasive report for Leigh on the potentialà effectiveness of her cash reward and structured interviewà programmes. Make certain it is in the form of aà professional business document that you would giveà to an experienced manager at this level of a fairly largeà corporation. Leigh is very smart when it comes to managingà finances and running a plumbing business, but sheà will not necessarily know about the organisational behaviourà principles you are describing. As any newà proposals must be passed through top management,à you should also address their concerns about cost containment. You will need to make a strong evidence-basedà financial case that changing the management style willà benefit the company. When you write, make sure you touch on the followingà points:à à SHR034-6, 12-13 1. Although it is clear employees are not especially satisfiedà with their work, do you think this is a reasonà for concern? Does research suggest satisfied workersà are actually better at their jobs? Are any other behaviouralà outcomes associated with job satisfaction? 2. Using job characteristics theory, explain why theà present system of job design may be contributing toà employee dissatisfaction. Describe some ways youà could help employees feel more satisfied with theirà work by redesigning their jobs. 3. Leigh has a somewhat vague idea about how to implementà the cash rewards system. Describe some of theà specific ways you would make the reward systemà work better, based on the case. 4. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of usingà financial incentives in a program of this nature. What, if any, potential problems might arise if peopleà are given money for achieving customer satisfactionà goals? What other types of incentives mightà be considered? 5. Create a specific plan to assess whether the rewardà system is working. What are the dependent variablesà that should change if the system works? How willà you go about measuring success? How to cite Customer Service and Order Processors, Essay examples
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